From the early 1980s the Indonesian government began to attempt to guide the direction of the expansion of the Jakarta MUR (Jabodetabek) to better ensure its environmental sustainability. Answering this question in Asia is made all the more problematic by, first, the tremendous rates of population and economic growth that have focused on a few mega-urban regions (MURs) and, second, the intensity of urban transformations linked to processes of globalization. A key question for urban policy and planning is how to direct these changes in ways that minimize environmental impacts and risks by, for example, steering urban expansion away from forested upland areas or regional aquifers. The geographical pattern of the expansion of a city has a direct relationship to its environmental quality, particularly water flows and flooding.
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June 2023
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